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Reef filtration

Reef Filtration: Mechanical, Biological, and Nutrient Export

Reef filtration combines several approaches to maintain stable, nutrient-poor water: mechanical filtration (foams, socks, rollers) to trap particles, biological filtration (live rocks, bacterial supports) to transform ammonium/nitrites, and export (protein skimmer, macroalgae refugium, water changes) to remove some organic compounds before they degrade.

Historically, modern reefing has been heavily structured around the Berlin method, developed by the Berlin Aquarium Club: live rocks + protein skimmer as pillars, with optional sand. This approach accelerated the maintenance of hard corals and remains a widely used foundation.

Additionally, the refugium (often in the sump) has become popular as a natural export solution through the cultivation and harvesting of macroalgae, while offering a zone of microfauna beneficial to the main tank.

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